This paper discusses the impact of security challenges on political stability in Libya after the events of 2011, as the security situation in Libya constitutes the most important challenge that hinders the stability process, as the spread of weapons and chaos contributed to an increase in the number of armed militias taking advantage of the weakness of the security services to control state agencies, in addition to the emergence of other threats, including foreign interference in internal affairs, as these countries did not hesitate to ally with the conflicting parties in Libya, hoping to favor one party over another, went further than that by providing support and military equipment in the ongoing conflict between Libyan political and military forces to achieve its interests. Among the other most important risks that contributed to instability was the state’s inability to protect its borders, and the resulting entry of terrorist groups, and the increase in their activity, which took advantage of the security unrest to carry out its criminal acts in Libya and neighboring countries. Hence, confronting these challenges constitutes the primary factor in determining the future of the stabilization process in the next stage, and confronting attempts to penetrate foreign countries that seek to achieve their interests in light of the presence of oil, which represents the most important economic resource in Libya, as it seeks to achieve the greatest amount of political and economic gains. Keywords: security, security challenges, political stability, Libya.