This study aims to analyze the current status of integrating students with special educational needs within public educational institutions in Libya, and to identify the major challenges that hinder the effective implementation of inclusive education. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical method, which is appropriate for documentary studies that rely on analyzing written sources and previous literature without collecting direct field data. The data sources included national and international legislation related to disability rights, peer-reviewed academic studies, specialized educational references, and official reports addressing the reality of special education and inclusion programs in both Arab and international contexts. The analysis revealed that public schools in Libya continue to face substantial barriers to establishing inclusive learning environments. These challenges include inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of well-qualified teachers, limited community awareness regarding the value of inclusion, insufficient professional development programs, and weak institutional coordination among stakeholders. The findings also highlighted several potential success factors, such as designing targeted teacher-training programs,improving classroom accessibility, and strengthening partnerships between schools, families, and the broader community. The study concludes that inclusive education represents an educational and social necessity due to its positive impact on the quality of life of learners with disabilities and their participation in social life. However, the effective implementation of inclusion requires government commitment, clear policy frameworks, and strategic planning. The paper provides several recommendations that could guide the enhancement of inclusive education policies and serve as a foundation for future research employing field-based methodologies to assess the effectiveness of applied programs in the Libyan context. Keywords: Inclusive education. Special educational needs .Public schools. Special education, Libya.