Premature loss of primary teeth is a significant public health concern in pediatric dentistry, as it can adversely affect the normal development of occlusion, leading to malalignment, arch length reduction, and future orthodontic complications. Early tooth loss disrupts the guidance of erupting permanent teeth and can compromise both functional and esthetic aspects of oral health. This study explores the prevalence of premature primary tooth loss among children aged 4 to 10 in Zawia City, Libya, and assesses parental awareness regarding space maintainers. A cross-sectional study was conducted using dental examinations and structured questionnaires. The results revealed that 26% of children experienced premature tooth loss, while only 17.5% of parents were aware of space maintainers. Although many parents understood the general importance of dental visits and hygiene, specific knowledge about space maintainers was limited. Findings highlight the urgent need for public awareness programs aimed at educating parents on preventive pediatric dental care...................... Keywords: ...............space maintainer, Awareness, premature loss of primary teeth.