A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya, to evaluate the response of four lentil cultivars—Giza 370 (Egyptian), L138 (Ethiopian), L3490 (Nepalese), and FLIP84-112L (Syrian)—to five levels of phosphate fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg P2O5/ha). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots,. The results showed a significant increase in some growth and production indicators when applying 90 kg of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) per hectare. This was manifested in earlier maturity, with the maturity period reduced to 145.42 days. Plants also experienced a significant increase in height, with an average height of 36.67 cm. The branching efficiency also increased, resulting in an increase in the number of effective branches and full pods, and consequently an increase in the seed yield, which reached an average of (8.34, 37.0, and 2.7 g) per plant, respectively. In addition, an increase in the thousand seed weight was recorded, reaching 26.15 g. recording the highest averages for both the biological yield (6.387 tons/ha) and the economic yield (1.544 tons/ha). The seeds also recorded the highest protein content of 27.27%, in addition to improving land use efficiency (11.84 kg/ha/day). The Giza 370 variety, fertilized at 90 kg P2O5/ha, achieved the highest yield and its components, and the earliest plants to mature, equal to the L138 variety in thousand seed weight. It had the lowest seed protein content (23.98%), while the Ethiopian L138 variety outperformed in seed protein content............... Keywords: ...........Lentil, phosphate fertilization, yield and its components, seed protein content.