This paper aims to present an effective solution to global environmental challenges by sustainably reintroducing ancient earth-sheltered buildings in Libya. Libya has long-standing traditional environmental techniques in many of its cities, particularly in mountainous areas such as Gharyan, Zintan, and Nalut. The research includes a theoretical review of this type of housing, as well as an analytical framework that evaluates selected local and international case studies. The study focuses on definition, history, typologies, evaluation, and development potential, highlighting opportunities to modernize these buildings by integrating contemporary technology. This approach enhances sustainability, addresses modern housing needs, and improves livability and appeal. At the conclusion of the paper, a set of future recommendations is presented, focusing on design improvements, advanced construction techniques, and context-specific adaptations to ensure these homes are suitable for contemporary living............... Key words:............. Earth sheltered, Sustainable, Environment, Libya.